Plants


Species Totals

Introduction
As we discussed on the Plant Communities page, plants are the backbone of the ecological community.  At Wortroot, this backbone is very diverse and healthy. 

In the species list below, I have listed a "type specimen" for each species.  This refers to the location and date on which the plant was first identified.  More information about each plant can be found in my field notebooks by looking up the date listed in the type specimen section of the species list. 

I have also listed the type of habitat in which each plant can be found on the property and have estimated its commonness on the property.  Plants which were seen only in one location are noted as occurring only in the type location.  Plants which were seen in the type location and in a few other locations on the property are termed "sparse", while those found several times on the property are called "sparsely scattered."  Plants which are very widespread on the property within the proper habitat are called "common."


Rare Plants
Eight of Wortroot's plant species are found either on the Virginia Rare Plant List or on the Virginia Vascular Plant Watchlist.  These species are:
Of these species, Ginseng is listed as federally threatened.  All of these species should be carefully monitored on the property.


East Side of Middle Cave Ridge
The east side of Middle Cave Ridge has such a diverse flora that it deserves a description of its own.  A small portion of the area is found on Wortroot's property, but the major portion of this diverse habitat is found on a neighboring property.  This locality was described in a 1980 article by Doug Ogle. 

The hillside is a very diverse cove hardwood community, and Doug Ogle notes finding 56 species of plants in the general area.  Six of these plants were of special note:

Disporum maculatum - Mandarin
Stylophorum diphyllum - Celandine Poppy
Synandra hispidula - Synandra
Collinsia verna - Blue-eyed Mary
Dryopteris goldiana - Goldie's Shield Fern
Triosteum aurantiacum - Horsegentian

Of these species, I found Mandarin, Celandine Poppy, and Blue-eyed Mary on Wortroot's property.  I did not notice the other three species, though they may have been present. 


Introduced Species
May alien species have become naturalized on the property.  These species are noted as such on the species list and will be discussed in the section on Threats to the Property.  However, others have been planted and do not seem to be spreading on the property.  These are not included in the species list below, but to prevent confusion with native species some of these are listed here:

Azolla caroliniana - Mosquito Fern
Castanea crenata - Japanese Chestnut
Cortaderia selloana - Pampasgrass
Pinus taeda - Loblolly Pine
Rhododendron maximum - Great Rhododendron (native)
 

Further Study
I identified vascular plant species each time I went out in the woods, so the species list on this page is one of the most complete of the species lists resulting from this inventory.  However, I purposefully avoided listing most of the grasses and sedges on the property due to difficulties in identification, only including a few species which are easy to identify and/or are important to the ecosystem.  In addition, I did not survey nonvascular plants (such as mosses and liverworts) nor fungi and lichen (which are often erroneously thought of as plants.) 


Sources
Ogle, D.W.  1980.  "An Unusual Locality for Rare Plants in Southwestern Virginia."  Castanea 45: 243-247.


Pteridophyta (Ferns and Fern Allies)

Equisetaceae                                       

Equisetum arvense - Common Horsetail
    Type Specimen: west side of meadow, 4-15-04       
    Habitat: a patch in type location                           
    - fertile fronds, 4-15-04                   

Equisetum hyemale - Scouring Rush           
    Type Specimen: along Raccoon Branch, just upstream of meadow, 11-7-03
    Habitat: a few large stands in type location
    - not completely positive of ID
                   
           
Lycopodiaceae           

Lycopodium flabelliforme - Groundpine           
    Type Specimen: south slope of Chestnut Oak Hill, 11-10-03
    Habitat: common under Red Cedar and pine stands

Lycopodium lucidulum - Shining Clubmoss           
    Type Specimen: south bank of Raccoon Branch, across from opening of Alex Smith Cove, 10-26-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods overlying limestone
    - with fresh sporangia, 10-26-03


Ophioglossaceae

Botrychium dissectum - Cutleaf Grapefern
    Type Specimen: trail between house and new site, 10-20-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - forma obliquum is commonly seen on the property.  In contrast, the typical variety has only been seen in one location, on the
    northeast side of Tulip-tree Cove (12-3-03.)
    - with fresh fertile frond, 10-20-03

Botrychium virginianum - Rattlesnake Fern
    Type Specimen: trail between house and new site, 10-20-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - fertile frond withered, 10-20-03


Polypodiaceae

Adiantum pedatum - Maidenhair Fern
    Type Specimen: trail between house and new site, 10-20-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods

Asplenium platyneuron - Ebony Spleenwort
    Type Specimen: East Spur, not far above pond, 10-21-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered, mostly in young woods

Camptosorus rhizophyllus - Walking Fern
    Type Specimen: trail between house and new site, 10-20-03
    Habitat: scattered on limestone outcrops

Cystopteris bulbifera - Bulbiferous Bladder Fern
    Type Specimen: east side of East Spur, 11-4-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - fronds turning yellow and dying back, 11-4-03

Cystopteris fragilis - Brittle Fern, Fragile Fern
    Type Specimen: small spur a bit northeast of East Spur, near top of ridge, 8-4-04
    Habitat: a clump in woods in type location
    - one the Virginia Rare Plant List, G5, S1?

Dryopteris celsa - Log Fern
    Type Specimen: Solomon Cove, 8-14-04               
    Habitat: sparse in type cove
    - not positive of ID without fruit dots.  Could possibly be D. goldiana.   

Dryopteris goldiana - Goldie s Shield Fern
    Type Specimen: I did not see this plant during my study, but it is listed by Doug Ogle.  Since he surveyed a larger area than I
    did, it may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries.  In addition, see note under D. celsa.

Dryopteris marginalis - Marginal Wood Fern
    Type Specimen: near top of Cliff Creek, 11-20-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove and mature woods

Pellaea artropurpurea - Purple Cliffbrake
    Type Specimen: on west side of South Nose, 12-27-03
    Habitat: a few plants in type location

Phegopteris connectilis - Broad Beech Fern
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 10-20-03
    Habitat: sparse patches in woods over limestone

Polystichum acrostichoides - Christmas Fern
    Type Specimen: east spur of Middle Cave Ridge, 10-7-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods

Thelypteris noveboracensis - New York Fern
    Type Specimen: Beech Bluff, between Seep Creek and Solomon s Cove, 10-23-03
    Habitat: in patches, sparse in woods           



Spermatophyta (Seed Plants)

Gymnospermae (Gymnosperms)

Pinaceae
Pinus rigida - Pitch Pine
    Type Specimen: on top of Pine Knob, 12-12-03
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods

Pinus strobus - White Pine
    Type Specimen: in Turkey Cove, about halfway to top 10-25-03
    Habitat: sparse on cool hillsides near cove bottoms

Pinus virginiana - Virginia Pine, Scrub Pine
    Type Specimen: on hill on west side of driveway, 11-19-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in young woods

Tsuga canadensis - Eastern Hemlock
    Type Specimen: at entrance to Grave Creek, 11-10-03
    Habitat: small trees sparse in cool, damp, mature woods


Cupressacae

Juniperus virginiana - Red Cedar
    Type Specimen: East Spur, not far above pond, 10-21-03
    Habitat: scattered in young woods



Angiospermae (Angiosperms)

Monocotyloneae (Monocots)

Typhaceae

Typha latifolia - Broad-leaved Cattail
    Type Specimen: in the pond, 12-1-03
    Habitat: common in ponds and open wetlands


Gramineae

Andropogon virginicus - Broomsedge
    Type Specimen: field at new site, 12-9-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in old fields


Hystrix patula - Bottle-brush Grass
    Type Specimen: where two creeks join, in woods at edge of meadow, 12-9-03
    Habitat: sparse in open woods and edges

Microstegium vimineum - Japanese Stilt Grass
    Type Specimen: yard of house, 9-2-03
    Habitat: a patch in weedy area beside creek
    - alien


Araceae

Arisaema triphyllum - Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Indian Turnip
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, near waterfall, 4-15-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 4-15-04


Lemnaceae

Lemna valdiviana - Valdivia Duckweed
    Type Specimen: in the pond, 12-1-03
    Habitat: common in pond


Commelinaceae

Commelina communis- Asiatic Dayflower
    Type Specimen: yard, 9-7-04
    Habitat: in type location
    - alien
    - blooming, 9-7-04

Tradescantia subaspera - Spiderwort
    Type Specimen: Alex Smith Cove, 5-3-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 5-3-04


Juncaceae

Juncus effusus - Common Rush
    Type Specimen: pond at new site, 1-18-04
    Habitat: a few clumps in type location

Luzula acuminata - Hairy Woodrush
    Type Specimen: Tulip-tree Cove, 3-23-04
    Habitat: a big patch in type location
    - blooming, 3-23-04


Liliaceae

Allium vineale - Wild Garlic, Crow Garlic
    Type Specimen: partway up Tulip-tree Cove, 11-23-03
    Habitat: scattered in disturbed woods
    - alien

Chaemaelirium luteum - Devil's Bit, Blazing Star
    Type Specimen: woods along Cliff Creek, 6-3-04
    Habitat: sparse in mature woods in damp coves

Disporum lanuginosum - Hairy Disporum
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, 4-29-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - blooming, 4-29-04

Disporum maculatum - Mandarin
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, near waterfall, 4-15-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 4-15-04

Erythronium americanum - Yellow Fawn Lily, Trout Lily
    Type Specimen: north side of Wortroot Creek, just west of Solomon Cove, 3-20-04
    Habitat: several in type location

Smilax glauca - Saw Brier
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods

Smilax hispida - Hispid Greenbriar
    Type Specimen: Solomon Cove, 11-1-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods

Smilax rotundifolia - Common Greenbriar
    Type Specimen: South Nose, 11-7-03
    Habitat: large patches in relatively young woods
    - a few fruits lingering, 11-7-03

Trillium grandiflorum - Large-flowered Trillium
    Type Specimen: East Spur, close to north boundary, 4-15-04
    Habitat: large patches sparse on steep hillsides
    - blooming, 4-15-04

Uvularia grandiflora - Large-flowered Bellwort
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, 4-29-04
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - end of bloom, 4-29-04                   


Dioscoreaceae

Dioscorea quaternata - Four-leaved Wild Yam
    Type Specimen: on south side of Grave Creek, not far from the driveway, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods


Amaryllidaceae

Hypoxis hirsuta - Yellow Stargrass
    Type Specimen: south end of property, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparse in open woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04


Iridaceae

Iris cristata - Crested Dwarf Iris
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-29-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in mature woods
    - blooming, 4-29-04

Sisyrinchium augustifolium - Blue-eyed Grass
    Type Specimen: hill south of house in old pasture, 6-15-04
    Habitat: sparse in low, grassy areas
    - blooming, 6-15-04


Orchidaceae

Aplectrum hyemale - Puttyroot, Adam-and-Eve
    Type Specimen: east spur of Middle Cave Ridge, 10-7-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - with fruits, 10-7-03

Cypripedium acaule - Pink Lady's Slipper, Moccasin Flower
    Type Specimen: spur off Upper Cave Ridge, 5-4-04
    Habitat: a large stand in type location
    - blooming, 5-4-04

Goodyera pubescens - Downy Rattlesnake Plantain
    Type Specimen: north side of Wortroot Cove, a bit west of meadow, 3-20-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods

Liparis lilifolia - Large Twayblade
    Type Specimen: a bit north of the road and east of the rental house, 7-28-04
    Habitat: sparse in young woods
    - not positive of ID b/c already bloomed

Orchis spectabilis - Showy Orchis
    Type Specimen: found by Ken in past years in Seep Cove

Spiranthes gracilis - Slender Ladies' Tresses
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: one plant in type location, in grasses beside driveway
    - blooming, 9-11-03

Tipularia discolor - Cranefly Orchid
    Type Specimen: entrance to Grave Creek, 11-10-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - blooming, 8-1-04



Dicotyledoneae (Dicots)

Salicaceae

Salix sp. - Willow
    Type Specimen: by Wortroot Creek, between barn and pond
    Habitat: sparsely scattered along open areas of creeks
    - blooming, 3-27-04
                                         

Juglandaceae

Carya ovata - Shagbark Hickory
    Type Specimen: on hill on east side of Seep Creek, 2-2-04
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods

Carya tomentosa - Mockernut Hickory
    Type Specimen: on East Spur, directly above house, 1-14-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in dry woods

Juglans nigra - Black Walnut
    Type Specimen: in Turkey Cove, about halfway to the top, 10-25-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered, mostly in rich coves and fields
    - nuts fallen, 10-25-03


Corylaceae

Betula lenta - Sweet Birch, Black Birch, Cherry Birch
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered on steep hillsides
    - leaves turning yellow and falling, 10-10-03

Betula nigra - River Birch, Red Birch
    Type Specimen: along Cliff Creek, 11-19-03
    Habitat: two trees in type location

Carpinus caroliniana - Ironwood, American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Water Beech, Muscletree
    Type Specimen: a short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparse in damp areas

Ostrya virginiana - Hop-Hornbeam
    Type Specimen: Beech Bluff, 8-25-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods
               

Fagaceae

Castanea dentata - American Chestnut
    Type Specimen: on east side of South Nose, 12-27-03
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods
    - the type tree is large and blighted but had fruits

Fagus grandifolia - American Beech
    Type Specimen: east spur of Middle Cave Ridge, 10-7-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods

Quercus alba - White Oak
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods

Quercus marilandica - Blackjack Oak
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 6-17-04
    Habitat: sparse in young, open woods

Quercus muehlenbergii - Yellow Oak, Chinquapin Oak
    Type Specimen: short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: scattered in type location

Quercus prinus - Chestnut Oak
    Type Specimen: Chestnut Oak Hill, 10-25-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in dry woods

Quercus rubra - Northern Red Oak
    Type Specimen: Chestnut Oak Hill, 10-25-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in dry woods

Quercus velutina - Black Oak
    Type Specimen: west side of East Spur, 1-14-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in oak woods
                       

Ulmaceae

Celtis occidentalis - Hackberry, Nettle-Tree
    Type Specimen: Tulip-tree Cove, 6-24-04
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - with green fruits, 6-24-04

Ulmus americana - American Elm
    Type Specimen: found by Doug Ogle.  Not specifically noted during this study, although I tended to just assume any elm
     was U. rubra.  Since he surveyed a larger area than I did, this species may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 

Ulmus rubra - Slippery Elm, Red Elm           
    Type Specimen: partway up Tulip-tree Cove, 11-23-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods


Moraceae

Morus rubra - Red Mulberry
    Type Specimen: woods along Cliff Creek, 6-3-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods


Urticaceae

Laportea canadensis - Wood Nettle
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, 4-29-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods

Pilea pumila - Clearweed, Richweed
    Type Specimen: hill on west side of Turkey Cove, 6-13-04
    Habitat: sparse in rich woods


Santalaceae               

Pyrularia pubera - Buffalo-Nut, Oil-Nut
    Type Specimen: northeast side of Beech Bluff, 4-29-04
    Habitat: scattered in beech woods
    - blooming, 4-29-04


Aristolochiaceae

Aristolochia macrophylla - Pipevine, Dutchman's Pipe
    Type Specimen: Upper Cave Ridge, 5-3-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 5-3-04

Asarum canadense - Wild Ginger
    Type Specimen: south side of Grave Creek, not far from driveway, 10-5-03
    Habitat: sparse patches on protected hillsides in woods
    - blooming, 4-15-04

Hexastylis arifolium - Little Brown Jug
    Type Specimen: cove west of lowest bend in driveway, 1-20-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods


Polygonaceae

Polygonum scandens - Climbing False Buckwheat
    Type Specimen: near fallen down chicken coop, 9-7-03
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - blooms and fruits, 9-7-03

Polygonum sp. - Smartweed
    Type Specimen: Turkey Cove, 8-4-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in trail in type cove
    - blooms and fruits, 8-4-04
    - most closely resembles P. orientale, but doesn't quite match


Phytolaccaceae

Phytolacca americana - Pokeweed
    Type Specimen: Turkey Cove, 10-25-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - with fruits, stalk dying back, 10-25-03


Portulacaceae

Claytonia caroliniana - Carolina Spring-Beauty
    Type Specimen: north side of Wortroot Creek, a bit west of meadow, 3-20-04
    Habitat: scattered in Tulip-tree Cove and up Raccoon Branch
    - blooming, 3-20-04

Claytonia virginica - Spring Beauty
    Type Specimen: about halfway up driveway, 4-4-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 4-4-04


Caryophyllaceae

Cerastium viscosum - Mouse-ear Chickweed
    Type Specimen: near top of driveway, 4-4-04
    Habitat: a plant in open in type location
    - blooming and fruiting, 4-4-04
    - alien

Dianthus armeria - Deptford Pink
    Type Specimen: pasture south of house, 6-3-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - alien
    - blooming, 6-3-04

Lychnis alba - White Campion
    Type Specimen: west edge of field at top of driveway, 6-22-04
    Habitat: edge in type location
    - blooming, 6-22-04
    - alien

Silene virginica - Fire Pink, Catchfly
    Type Specimen: Upper Cave Ridge, 5-3-04
    Habitat: sparse on Upper Cave Ridge
    - blooming, 5-3-04

Stellaria media - Common Chickweed
    Type Specimen: hill between two branches of Tulip-tree Cove, 3-1-04
    Habitat: common on disturbed ground
    - alien
    - blooming, 3-1-04

Stellaria pubera - Giant Chickweed
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-5-04
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - blooming, 4-5-04   


Ranunculaceae

Anemone quinquefolia - Windflower, Wood Anemone
    Type Specimen: hill south of house, 4-1-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in mature woods
    - blooming, 4-1-04

Anemone virginiana - Thimbleweed
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 6-15-04
    Habitat: sparse at wood edges
    - blooming, 6-15-04

Anemonella thalictroides - Rue Anemone
    Type Specimen: along Raccoon Branch, upstream from meadow, 3-9-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 3-9-04

Delphinium tricorne - Dwarf Larkspur
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, 4-5-04
    Habitat: scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 4-5-04

Hepatica acutiloba - Sharplobe Hepatica
    Type Specimen: Solomon Cove, 11-5-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in mature woods
    - blooming, 3-9-04

Ranunculus allegheniensis - Allegheny Crowfoot
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-5-04
    Habitat: sparse in coves
    - blooming, 4-5-04

Ranunculus bulbosus - Bulbous Buttercup
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-28-04
    Habitat: scattered along open trails
    - alien              
    - blooming, 4-28-04

Ranunculus carolinianus - Carolina Buttercup
    Type Specimen: found by Doug Ogle.  Not found during this study.  Since he surveyed a larger area than I did, it may not
    have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 

Ranunculus recurvatus - Hooked Crowfoot
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, near property boundary, 4-6-04
    Habitat: one plant in type location
    - not a positive ID
    - blooming, 4-6-04

Ranunculus septentrionalis - Northern Swamp Buttercup
    Type Specimen: pond, 4-12-04
    Habitat: common in pond
    - blooming, 4-12-04

Thalictrum clavatum - Mountain Meadowrue
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 7-28-04
    Habitat: sparse in coves
    - blooming, 7-28-04

Thalictrum dioicum - Early Meadowrue
    Type Specimen: East Spur, above meadow, 4-15-04
    Habitat: sparse on hill in type location
    - blooming, 4-15-04


Berberidaceae

Caulophyllum thalictroides - Blue Cohosh, Pappoose-Root
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, 4-19-04
    Habitat: sparse in rich woods
    - blooming, 4-19-04

Jeffersonia diphylla - Twinleaf
    Type Specimen: East Spur, just north of Tulip-tree Cove, 4-15-04
    Habitat: very common on the hill in type location
    - fruiting, 4-15-04

Podophyllum peltatum - Mayapple, Mandrake
    Type Specimen: Beech Bluff, 4-6-04
    Habitat: patches sparse in dry woods


Menispermaceae

Menispermum canadense - Canada Moonseed
    Type Specimen: a short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - with fruits, 10-15-03


Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron tulipifera - Tulip-tree
    Type Specimen: on trail east of house, 10-21-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods, mostly in coves
    - most of the leaves gone, 10-21-03

Magnolia acuminata - Cucumber Tree
    Type Specimen: short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - leaves turning yellow, 10-10-03

Magnolia fraseri - Mountain Magnolia
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - leaves falling, 10-10-03



Annonaceae

Asimina triloba - Pawpaw, West Virginia Banana
    Type Specimen: Sycamore Cove, 10-21-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in coves


Lauraceae

Lindera benzoin - Spicebush, Benjamin-Bush
    Type Specimen: short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: scattered in coves and damp hillsides
    - with ripe fruits, 10-15-03; blooming, 3-16-04

Sassafras albidum - White Sassafras
    Type Specimen: on hill on southeast of house, 1-16-04
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods


Papaveraceae

Sanguinaria canadensis - Bloodroot
    Type Specimen: north side of Wortroot Creek, a bit west of meadow, 3-20-04
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - blooming, 3-20-04

Stylophorum diphyllum - Celandine Poppy
    Type Specimen: East Spur, at northern boundary, not far above creek, 4-15-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in type location.  Much more common just across property boundary in diverse floral community.
    - blooming, 4-15-04
    - on the Virginia Rare Plant List, G5, S2


Fumariaceae

Dicentra canadensis - Squirrel Corn
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, 4-6-04
    Habitat: a patch in type location, in cove
    - blooming, 4-6-04


Cruciferae

Alliaria officinalis - Garlic-Mustard
    Type Specimen: Alex Smith Cove, 5-3-04
    Habitat: common in type location
    - alien
    - blooming, 5-3-04

Arabis laevigata - Smooth Rockcress
    Type Specimen: East Spur, just above where Wortroot Creek runs into meadow, 4-15-04
    Habitat: on rocks in type location
    - blooming, 4-15-04

Barbarea vulgaris - Winter Cress, Yellow Rocket
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-13-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in weedy, open areas
    - in fruit, 6-13-04

Cardamine hirsuta - Hairy Bittercress
    Type Specimen: yard, 2-22-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - blooming, 2-22-04

Dentaria diphylla - Two-leaved Toothwort
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-19-04
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - blooming, 4-19-04

Dentaria heterophylla - Slender Toothwort
    Type Specimen: Beech Bluff, 3-9-04
    Habitat: scattered in relatively mature woods
    - buds large, not yet open, 3-9-04; blooming, 3-16-04

Nasturtium officinale - Watercress
    Type Specimen: where Tulip-tree Cove joins Wortroot Creek, 11-21-03
    Habitat: patches sparse in slow-moving, open creeks
    - alien

Thlaspi arvense - Field Pennycress
    Type Specimen: yard, 4-12-04
    Habitat: a patch in yard
    - blooming, 4-12-04
    - alien


Crassulaceae

Sedum ternatum - Wild Stonecrop
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparse on steep slopes, especially on rock outcrops


Saxifragaceae

Astilbe biternata - False Goat's Beard
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-4-04
    Habitat: sparse in cove woods
    - blooming, 6-4-04

Heucheria americana - Alumroot
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04

Hydrangea arborescens - Hydrangea arborescens
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-19-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - blooming, 6-19-04

Mitella diphylla - Miterwort, Bishop's-Cap
    Type Specimen: hill south of house, 4-1-04
    Habitat: sparse in mature woods
    - blooming, 4-1-04                   

Tiarella cordifolia - Foamflower, False Miterwort
    Type Specimen: Racoon Branch, 4-29-04
    Habitat: patch in type location
    - blooming, 4-29-04


Hamamelidaceae                   

Hamamelis virginiana - Witch-Hazel
    Type Specimen: along Wortroot Creek, near meadow, 10-28-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 10-28-03

Platanaceae

Platanus occidentalis - Sycamore
    Type Specimen: on south side of Grave Creek, not far from driveway, 10-5-03
    Habitat: scattered along creeks


Rosaceae

Agrimonia parviflora - Small-flowered Agrimony
    Type Specimen: across creek from bottom barn, 9-7-03
    Habitat: scattered in open areas
    - blooms and fruits, 9-7-03

Amelanchier sp. - Serviceberry
    Type Specimen: on East Spur, 3-1-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in high elevation oak woods

Crataegus sp. - Hawthorn
    Type Specimen: along Willow Creek, 12-12-03
    Habitat: one plant near creek

Fragaria sp. - Strawberry
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 6-15-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at wood edges and in open woods
    - probably Virginia Strawberry, F. virginiana

Geum canadense - White Avens
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-24-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at edges of open areas
    - blooming, 6-24-04

Geum vernum - Spring Avens
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-28-04
    Habitat: in type location
    - blooming and fruiting, 4-28-04

Potentilla canadensis - Canada Cinquefoil
    Type Specimen: Solomon Cove, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04

Potentilla recta - Upright Cinquefoil
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-4-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - alien
    - blooming, 6-4-04

Prunus serotina - Wild Black Cherry
    Type Specimen: side of South Nose, 11-7-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - most leaves fallen, 11-7-03

Rosa multiflora - Multiflora Rose, Rambler Rose
    Type Specimen: yard, 9-7-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at edges
    - alien

Rubus allegheniensis - Allegheny Blackberry
    Type Specimen: Middle Cave Ridge, 8-4-04
    Habitat: type location in woods; blackberries of this or other species are scattered at forest edges on the property
    - with fruits, 8-4-04

Rubus sp. - Dewberry
    Type Specimen: hill east of Turkey Cove, 6-6-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in dry woods
    - with green fruits, 6-6-04

Rubus occidentalis - Black Raspberry
    Type Specimen: near barn, 1-1-04
    Habitat: large patches sparse at edges of openings

Rubus phoenicolasius - Wineberry
    Type Specimen: a short way up Grave Creek, 11-10-03
    Habitat: sparse in openings in woods and in open areas
    - alien


Leguminosae

Amphicarpa bracteata - Hog-Peanut
    Type Specimen: in driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods and meadow
    - blooming, 9-11-03

Cassia nictitans - Wild Sensitive Plant
    Type Specimen: beside driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - a few blooms, fruits, 9-11-03

Cercis canadensis - Redbud
    Type Specimen: edge of driveway just below where lower woods trail splits off, 10-1-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at edge of woods
    - with fruits, 10-1-03

Coronilla varia - Crown Vetch
    Type Specimen: little weedy field where driveway and lower woods trail split, 10-1-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - blooms and fruits, 10-1-03
    - alien

Desmodium canescens - Canescent Tick-Trefoil
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 7-28-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at wood edges.  There may be other Desmodium species as well in this habitat.
    - blooming, 7-28-04

Desmodium nudiflorum - Naked-flowered Tick-Trefoil
    Type Specimen: Middle Cave Ridge, 8-4-04
    Habitat: type location in woods
    - blooming, 8-4-04

Melilotus officinalis - Yellow Sweetclover
    Type Specimen: hill south of house, 6-11-04
    Habitat: in type location in open area
    - alien
    - blooming, 6-11-04

Robinia pseudo-acacia - Black Locust
    Type Specimen: Turkey Cove, 10-25-03
    Habitat: sparse in openings in the woods
    - most leaves fallen, 10-25-03

Trifolium campestre - Low Hop Clover
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 6-15-04
    Habitat: sparse in driveway
    - blooming, 6-15-04
    - alien

Trifolium pratense - Red Clover
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: scattered in grassy areas
    - alien
    - blooming, 9-11-03

Trifolium repens - White Clover
    Type Specimen: yard, 6-17-04
    Habitat: common in yard
    - blooming, 6-17-04
    - alien

Vicia caroliniana - Wild Vetch                           
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, in path of horsetails, 4-5-04       
    Habitat: one plant in type location
    - blooming, 4-5-04


Oxalidaceae

Oxalis europaea - European Yellow Wood Sorrel, Lady's Sorrel
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 8-14-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - blooms and fruits, 8-14-04

Oxalis violacea - Violet Wood Sorrel
    Type Specimen: Upper Cave Ridge, 5-3-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered on Upper Cave Ridge
    - blooming, 5-3-04


Geraniaceae

Geranium maculatum - Wild Geranium, Wild Cranesbill
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-19-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - blooming, 4-19-04


Anacardiaceae           

Rhus copallina - Shining Sumac, Winged Sumac
    Type Specimen: on East Spur, 1-14-04
    Habitat: scattered in very young woods

Rhus radicans - Poison Ivy
    Type Specimen: on east spur of Middle Cave Ridge, 10-7-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods


Aquifoliaceae

Ilex opaca - American Holly
    Type Specimen: along trail east of house, 10-21-03
    Habitat: sparse in open woods


Celastraceae

Euonymus americanus - Strawberry Bush, Bursting Heart
    Type Specimen: south end of property, a bit north of Carol's house, 5-18-04
    Habitat: one plant in woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04


Aceraceae

Acer rubrum - Red Maple
    Type Specimen: south side of Grave Creek, not far from driveway, 10-5-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods

Acer saccharum - Sugar Maple, Hard Maple
    Type Specimen: south side of Grave Creek, not far from driveway, 10-5-03
    Habitat: scattered in cove woods


Hippocastanaceae

Aesculus octandra - Yellow Buckeye, Sweet Buckeye
    Type Specimen: near waterfall, 1-1-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in coves
    - young trees leafing out, 3-20-04


Balsaminaceae

Impatiens capensis - Spotted Touch-Me-Not, Spotted Jewelweed
    Type Specimen: yard of house, 9-2-03
    Habitat: common in wet, open areas, especially beside the creek
    - blooming, 9-2-03

Impatiens pallida - Pale Jewelweed, Pale Touch-Me-Not
    Type Specimen: near base of cove just west of waterfall cove, 9-7-03
    Habitat: a few patches in small coves
    - blooming, 9-7-03


Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus lanceolata - Lance-leaved Buckthorn
    Type Specimen: east side of East Spur, 11-4-03
    Habitat: sparse in young woods, near cedars
    - most leaves fallen, fruits ripe, 11-4-03
    - on the Virginia Vascular Plant Watchlist (or at least R. lanceolata var. lanceolata is, and the list notes that most Virginia individuals are in this variety), G5T4T5, S3


Vitaceae
Vitis baileyana - Possum Grape
    Type Specimen: east side of East Spur, 6-24-04
    Habitat: steep clearing in type location

Vitis vulpina - Winter Grape
    Type Specimen: on west bank of Turkey Cove, 11-10-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - still with green leaves on young plants, 11-10-03


Tiliaceae

Tilia heterophylla - White Basswood
    Type Specimen: short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparse on damp hillsides
    - possibly T. americana, especially since Doug Ogle notes T. americana on the property.  Alternatively, since he surveyed a
    larger area than I did, T. americana may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 


Guttiferae

Hypericum punctatum - Dotted St. John's-Wort
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-19-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at wood edges
    - blooming, 6-19-04


Violaceae

Viola papilionacea - Common Blue Violet
    Type Specimen: yard, 4-12-04
    Habitat: common in yard
    - blooming, 4-12-04

Viola rafinesquii - Wild Pansy
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-19-04
    Habitat: sparse in type location               
    - blooming, 4-19-904

Viola rostrata - Long-spurred Violet
    Type Specimen: hill south of house, about halfway up, 4-1-04
    Habitat: sparse in mature woods
    - blooming, 4-1-04

Viola striata - Striped Violet
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch, near property boundary, 4-6-04
    Habitat: sparse in coves
    - blooming, 4-6-04

Viola triloba - Three-lobed Violet
    Type Specimen: woods along Cliff Creek, 6-3-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - assuming this is also the species I noted blooming on 3-27-04 and thought was V.hirsutula.  May be a hybrid of the two.


Nyssaceae

Nyssa sylvatica - Black Gum, Sour Gum
    Type Specimen: top of Turkey Cove, 8-4-04
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods
    - with fruits, 8-4-04                       


Onagraceae

Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis - Enchanter's Nightshade
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-13-04
    Habitat: sparse in open woods
    - blooming, 6-13-04


Araliaceae

Panax quinquefolius - Ginseng, Sang
    Type Specimen: near Cliff Creek, along dog trail, near base of cliffs, 9-14-03
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods
    - three plants in fruit in type location, 9-14-03
   - on the Virginia Vascular Plant Watchlist, G3G4, S4, LT


Umbelliferae

Cryptotaenia canadensis - Honewort
    Type Specimen: Solomon Cove, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04

Daucus carota - Queen Anne's Lace, Wild Carrot
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: scattered in old pastures
    - blooms and fruits, 9-11-03

Osmorhiza claytoni - Hairy Sweet Cicely
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-28-04
    Habitat: scattered in open woods
    - blooming, 4-28-04

Oxypolis rigidior - Cowbane
    Type Specimen: mouth of Seep Creek, 10-23-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in low, marshy ground
    - in fruit, 10-23-03

Sanicula canadensis - Black Snakeroot
    Type Specimen: a short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - in fruit, 10-15-03

Thaspium barbinode - Hairy-jointed Meadow-Parsnip
    Type Specimen: along creek west of house, nearly to boundary, 9-4-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods near creeks
    - fruits, 9-4-03


Cornaceae

Cornus florida - Flowering Dogwood
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - leaves turning red, 10-10-03


Pyrolaceae

Chimaphila maculata - Spotted Wintergreen        
    Type Specimen: east spur of Middle Cave Ridge, 10-7-03
    Habitat: scattered in woods
    - with fruits, 10-7-03

Monotropa uniflora - Indian Pipe, Corpse Plant
    Type Specimen: halfway up Winterdark Cove, 11-21-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - dead flower stalks, 11-21-03; blooming, 6-3-04


Ericaceae

Gaultheria procumbens - Teaberry, Wintergreen, Mountaintea
    Type Specimen: spur off Upper Cave Ridge, 5-4-04
    Habitat: in type location in dry woods

Kalmia latifolia - Mountain Laurel
    Type Specimen: South Nose, 11-7-03
    Habitat: sparse in dry woods

Oxydendrum arboreum - Sourwood
    Type Specimen: hill on south side of Wortroot Creek waterfall, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered on steep hillsides
    - leaves turning red

Vaccinium sp. - Blueberry
   Type Specimen: side of South Nose, 8-20-04
    Habitat: sparse in dry, steep woods in type location


Primulaceae

Lysimachia nummularia - Moneywort
    Type Specimen: damp area below pond, 9-5-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in damp areas in coves
     - alien

Samolus parviflorus - Water Pimpernel
    Type Specimen: Waterfall Creek, 8-1-04
    Habitat: type location on rock by creek
    - blooming, 8-1-04
    - not absolutely positive of ID


Oleaceae

Fraxinus americana - White Ash
    Type Specimen: a short way up Alex Smith Cove, 11-7-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - leaves yellow, many fallen, 11-7-03

Ligustrum sinense - Chinese Privet
    Type Specimen: along Wortroot Creek, near meadow, 9-7-04
    Habitat: several plants in type location
    - alien
    - with fruits, 11-7-03


Gentianaceae

Gentiana quinquefolia - Five-flowered Gentian, Ague-Weed
    Type Specimen: near new site waterfall, 9-29-03
    Habitat: several plants in type location, very sparse elsewhere
    - blooming, 9-29-03
    - Gentianella quinquefolia ssp. occidentalis is on the Virginia Rare Plant List, G5T?, S1?.  This seems to be another name for
    the same species.

Obolaria virginica - Pennywort
    Type Specimen: hill a bit east of Cliff Creek, 3-16-04
    Habitat: sparse in rich woods   

Sabatia angularis - Rose Pink
    Type Specimen: about 1/3 of way down driveway, 7-28-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas along driveway
    - blooming, 7-28-04


Apocynaceae

Apocynum cannabinum - Indian Hemp
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-13-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open, weedy areas
    - blooming, 6-13-04


Asclepiadaceae

Asclepias incarnata - Swamp Milkweed
    Type Specimen: wetland near New Site, 8-1-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open wetlands
    - blooming, 8-1-04

Asclepias syriaca - Common Milkweed
    Type Specimen: edge of yard, 8-2-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - with green fruits, 8-2-04

Asclepias tuberosa - Butterfly Weed, Pleurisy-Root
    Type Specimen: open patch on northeast side of Middle Cave Ridge, 6-19-04
    Habitat: open area in type location
    - blooming, 6-19-04


Convolvulaceae

Convolvulus sepium - Hedge Bindweed
    Type Specimen: field at top, 7-28-04
    Habitat: sparse in field
    - blooming, 7-28-04

Cuscuta gronovii - Gronovius  Dodder, Common Dodder
    Type Specimen: in meadow, about halfway between the north and south end, 9-16-03
    Habitat: a few plants in type location
    - blooming, 9-16-03; growing on Hog-Peanut


Polemoniaceae

Polemonium van-bruntiae - Jacob's Ladder
    Type Specimen: East Spur, just above meadow at north boundary, 4-15-04
    Habitat: a big patch in type location.  Many also in the diverse floral community just north of the boundary.
    - blooming, 4-15-04
    - this plant may instead by P. reptans, which was noted in this location by Doug Ogle. Alternatively (but far less likely), since
    he surveyed a larger area than I did, P. reptans may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 


Hydrophyllaceae

Hydrophyllum canadensis - Broad-leafed Waterleaf
    Type Specimen: although I didn't actually write down this species during my study, I saw it behind the shed near the house
    and Doug Ogle lists it in his study.

Phacelia bipinnatifida - Fern-leaf Phacelia
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-29-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 4-29-04


Boraginaceae

Cynoglossum virginianum - Wild Comfrey
    Type Specimen: Turkey Cove, 6-13-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods

Myosotis verna - Spring Scorpion-Grass
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-28-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - blooming, 4-28-04


Verbenaceae

Verbena urticifolia - White Vervain, Nettleleaf Vervain
    Type Specimen: about halfway up Turkey Cove, 8-4-04
    Habitat: type location, in trail
    - blooming, 8-4-04


Labiatae

Cunila origanoides - Dittany
    Type Specimen: side of South Nose, 8-20-04
    Habitat: sparse in dry, steep woods in type location

Glechoma hederacea - Ground-ivy
    Type Specimen: across the creek from the house, 1-16-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in lawns
    - alien                              

Lamium purpureum - Purple Dead-Nettle
    Type Specimen: west end of meadow, 1-24-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in meadow
    - alien
    - blooming, 3-20-04

Mentha piperita - Peppermint
    Type Specimen: yard, 9-7-04
    Habitat: common in creeks in open areas
    - alien

Monarda clinopodia - Basil Balm
    Type Specimen: Raccoon Branch upstream of meadow, 6-4-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - blooming, 6-4-04

Prunella vulgaris - European Self Heal, Heal-All, Bumblebee Weed
    Type Specimen: little weedy field where driveway and lower woods trail split, 10-1-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered along paths in woods and at field edges
    - may be alien
    - near end of bloom, 10-1-03

Pycnanthemum virginianum - Virginia Mountain-Mint
    Type Specimen: wetland near new site, 8-1-04
    Habitat: open area near wetland in type location
    - blooming, 8-1-04

Salvia lyrata - Wild Sage
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04

Satureja vulgaris - Field Basil               
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 6-15-04
    Habitat: sparse in rocky, open areas
    - blooming, 6-15-04
    - probably in the alien variety

Scutellaria serrata - Showy Skullcap
    Type Specimen: Solomon Cove, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparse in mature woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04

Synandra hispidula - Synandra           
    Type Specimen: I did not find this plant during my study, but it is listed by Doug Ogle.  Since he surveyed a larger area than
     I did, it may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 


Solanaceae

Solanum carolinense - Horse-Nettle
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-24-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - blooming, 6-24-04


Scrophulariaceae

Chelone glabra - Turtlehead
    Type Specimen: along Wortroot creek, at edge of meadow, 9-16-03
    Habitat: sparse along creek
    - blooming, 9-16-03

Collinsia verna - Blue-eyed Mary
    Type Specimen: near waterfall in Wortroot Cove, 4-15-04
    Habitat: sparse in Wortroot Cove
    - blooming, 4-15-04
    - on VA Rare Plant List; G5, S2

Gerardia laevigata - Smooth False Foxglove, Entire-leaved Yellow Foxglove
    Type Specimen: woods just north of new site, 8-1-04
    Habitat: type location
    - blooming, 8-1-04

Mimulus ringens - Common Monkey-Flower
    Type Specimen: wetland near new site, 8-1-04
    Habitat: sparse in damp, open areas
    - blooming, 8-1-04                           

Paulownia tomentosa - Royal Paulownia, Imperial-Tree, Princess-Tree
    Type Specimen: side of South Nose, 11-7-03
    Habitat: a few trees in type location
    - alien                          
    - most leaves fallen, 11-7-03

Pedicularis canadensis - Common Lousewort, Wood Betony
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-15-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in rich woods
    - blooming, 4-15-04

Penstemon canescens - Gray Beardtongue
    Type Specimen: I did not see this plant during my study, but Doug Ogle lists it. Since he surveyed a larger area than I did,
    it may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 

Veronica polita - Field Speedwell
    Type Specimen: yard, 2-22-04
    Habitat: sparse in yard
    - alien
    - blooming, 2-22-04


Bignoniaceae

Bignonia capreolata - Cross-Vine
    Type Specimen: a short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods


Orobanchaceae

Conopholis americana - Squawroot, Bearcorn, Cancerroot
    Type Specimen: on hill on south side of Wortroot Creek, 10-10-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in oak woods
    - dried up and brown, 10-10-03

Epifagus virginiana - Beechdrops
    Type Specimen: on hill on south side of Wortroot Creek, 10-10-03
    Habitat: scattered below beeches


Phrymaceae

Phryma leptostachya - Lopseed
    Type Specimen: meadow, 6-19-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at edges
    - blooming, 6-19-04


Plantaginaceae

Plantago lanceolata - Buckhorn Plantain, English Plantain, Narrow-leaf Plantain
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 6-15-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - alien

Plantago rugelii - Common Plantain
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 7-28-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - in fruit, 7-28-04


Rubiaceae

Galium circaezans - Wild Liquorice
    Type Specimen: a short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in dry woods
    - in fruit, 10-15-03

Galium triflorum - Sweet-scented Bedstraw
    Type Specimen: I did not notice this plant during my study, but Doug Ogle lists it.  Since he surveyed a larger area than I did,
    it may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 

Houstonia purpurea - Large Summer Bluets
    Type Specimen: south end of property, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - blooming, 5-18-04


Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera dioica - Smooth Honeysuckle
    Type Specimen: where Raccoon Branch reaches eastern boundary, 9-7-04
    Habitat: a patch in woods in type location
    - not positive of ID because I never caught it blooming

Lonicera japonica - Japanese Honeysuckle
    Type Specimen: little weedy field where driveway and lower woods trail split, 10-1-03
    Habitat: scattered at wood edges and in fields
    - alien

Sambucus canadensis - Common Elder, Black Elderberry
    Type Specimen: Turkey Cove, 6-13-04
    Habitat: in cove woods in type location
    - blooming, 6-13-04

Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - Indian Currant, Coralberry
    Type Specimen: grown up pasture just west of driveway, 11-19-03
    Habitat: a few plants in type location
    - native, but probably an escapee from cultivation
    - with fruits, 11-19-03

Triosteum aurantiacum - Horsegentian
    Type Specimen: I did not note this plant during my study, but it is listed by Doug Ogle.  Since he surveyed a larger area than I
    did, it may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 

Viburnum acerifolium - Dockmackie, Maple-leaf Viburnum, Maple-leaf Arrowwood
    Type Specimen: northeast side of Beech Bluff, 4-29-04
    Habitat: sparse in beech woods

Viburnum prunifolium - Blackhaw
    Type Specimen: along Willow Creek, 12-12-03
    Habitat: sparse in old pastures


Valerianaceae

Valerianella chenopodifolia - Goose-foot Corn-Salad
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 5-18-04
    Habitat: sparse in damp, open areas
    - blooming, 5-18-04


Cucurbitaceae

Sicyos angulatus - One-seeded Bur-Cucumber
    Type Specimen: near bottom barn, 9-7-03
    Habitat: sparse in open
    - blooming, 9-7-03


Campanulaceae

Campanula americana - Tall Bellflower
    Type Specimen: tiny cove on southwest side of Upper Cove Ridge, 8-8-04
    Habitat: sparse in type cove and edge of meadow
    - nearing end of bloom, 8-8-04

Campanula divaricata - Southern Harebell
    Type Specimen: side of South Nose, 8-20-04
    Habitat: sparse in steep, dry woods in type location
    - blooming, 8-20-04

Specularia perfoliata - Venus's Looking Glass
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 6-4-04
    Habitat: type location in open area
    - blooming, 6-4-04


Lobeliaceae

Lobelia inflata - Indian Tobacco
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered at edge of old pasture in type location
    - a few blooms, fruits, 9-11-03

Lobelia siphilitica - Great Blue Lobelia           
    Type Specimen: across creek from bottom barn, 9-7-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open and woods
    - blooming, 9-7-03


Compositae

Achillea millefolium - Yarrow, Milfoil
    Type Specimen: driveway, 6-17-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - may or may not be alien
    - blooming, 6-17-04

Ambrosia artemisifolia - Common Ragweed
    Type Specimen: between house and barn, 8-25-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open, weedy areas
    - blooming, 8-25-04

Ambrosia trifida - Giant Ragweed, Hog-Weed
    Type Specimen: yard of house, 9-2-03
    Habitat: common in open areas
    - blooming, 9-2-03

Antennaria plantaginifolia - Plantainleaf Everlasting, Plantainleaf Pussytoes
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 4-4-04
    Habitat: sparse on eroded slopes
    - blooming, 4-4-04

Arctium minus - Common Burdock
    Type Specimen: west side of driveway, just north of mailbox, 1-26-04
    Habitat: sparse in old fields and edges

Aster cordifolius - Blue Wood Aster
    Type Specimen: near where Tulip-tree Cove runs into Wortroot Creek, 10-7-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - blooming, 10-7-03

Aster divaricatus - White Wood Aster
    Type Specimen: along dog trail north of spring, east of Cliff Creek, and west of powerline cut, 9-14-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 9-14-03

Aster macrophyllus - Bigleaf Aster
    Type Specimen: along Wortroot creek, not far west of junction with Raccoon Branch, 9-16-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in cove woods
    - blooming, 9-16-03                       
    - could possibly be A. cordifolius

Aster pilosus - White Heath Aster, Steelweed, Nailrod, Michaelmas Daisy
    Type Specimen: new site, 9-7-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in field in type location
    - blooming, 9-7-04

Aster prenanthoides - Crooked-stem Aster
    Type Specimen: along Wortroot creek, not far west of junction with Raccoon Branch, 9-16-03
    Habitat: a patch near creek in type location
    - blooming, 9-16-03

Aster puniceus - Purple-stem Aster
    Type Specimen: meadow, on north bank of creek, 10-3-03
     Habitat: scattered in open areas near the creek
    - blooming, 10-3-03

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum - Ox-eye Daisy
    Type Specimen: woods west of field at top of driveway, 6-22-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas and open woods
    - blooming, 6-22-04
    - alien

Cichorium intybus - Chicory, Blue Sailors
    Type Specimen: top of driveway, 6-22-04
    Habitat: open area in type location
    - blooming, 6-22-04
    - alien

Cirsium vulgare - Common Thistle
    Type Specimen: New site, 8-14-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open field in type location
    - blooming, 8-14-04
    - alien

Crepis capillaris - Smooth Hawkbeard
    Type Specimen: top of driveway, 6-22-04
    Habitat: open area in type location
    - blooming, 6-22-04
    - alien

Elaphantopus carolinianus - Elephant's-Foot
    Type Specimen: in driveway in woods, 9-11-03
    Habitat: a few plants in driveway in type location
    - blooming, 9-11-03

Erigeron annuus - Daisy Fleabane, White-top
    Type Specimen: Turkey Cove, 6-6-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas
    - blooming, 6-6-04

Erigeron philadelphicus - Philadelphia Fleabane
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-28-04
    Habitat: sparse at wood edges
    - blooming, 4-28-04

Erigeron pulchellus - Robin's Plantain
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 4-28-04
    Habitat: sparse at wood edges
    - blooming, 4-28-04   

Erigeron strigosus - Daisy Fleabane, White-top
    Type Specimen: pasture south of house, 6-3-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in old pastures and open woods
    - blooming, 6-3-04

Eupatorium fistulosum - Common Joe-Pye-Weed, Queen-of-the-Meadow
    Type Specimen: yard of house, 9-2-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in wet, open area near creek in type location
    - blooming, 9-2-03

Eupatorium incarnatum - Pink Thoroughwort
    Type Specimen: along driveway, 9-11-03
    Habitat: sparse at wood edges
    - blooming, 9-11-03
    - on Virginia Rare Plant List, G5, S2

Eupatorium perfoliatum - Boneset
    Type Specimen: yard of house, 9-2-03
    Habitat: sparse in wet, open areas
    - blooming, 9-2-03

Eupatorium purpureum - Wide-leaved Joe-Pye Weed
    Type Specimen: along trail, just west of powerline, 9-14-03
    Habitat: sparse in open woods
    - blooming, 9-14-03

Eupatorium rugosum - White Snakeroot
    Type Specimen: along creek west of house, nearly to boundary, 9-4-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods along creek
    - blooming, 9-4-03

Galinsoga ciliata - Devil's Delight, Raceweed
    Type Specimen: yard, 9-7-04
    Habitat: common in garden
    - alien
    - blooming, 9-7-04

Helianthus decapetalous - Thin-leaved Sunflower
    Type Specimen: I did not see this plant during my study, but it is listed by Doug Ogle.  Since he surveyed a larger area than
     I did, it may not have been within Wortroot's boundaries. 

Heliopsis helianthoides - Ox-Eye
    Type Specimen: Alex Smith cove, 8-8-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in moist woods on sides of Upper Cove Ridge
    - blooming, 8-8-04

Hieracium paniculatum - Panicled Hawkweed
    Type Specimen: side of South Nose, 8-20-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in steep, dry woods in type location
    - blooms and fruits, 8-20-04

Hieracium pratense - King Devil, Field Hawkweed
    Type Specimen: south-central end of property, 5-18-04
    Habitat: in type location in open woods
    - alien                  
    - blooming, 5-18-04

Hypochoeris radicata - Cat's-Ear
    Type Specimen: new site field, 8-1-04
    Habitat: sparse in type location
    - blooming, 8-1-04

Lactuca canadensis - Wild Lettuce, Horse-Weed, Devilweed
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, 7-28-04
    Habitat: type location at edge of woods
    - blooming, 7-28-04

Lactuca floridana - Florida Blue Lettuce
    Type Specimen: near south end of meadow, 9-16-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in weedy fields
    - blooming, 9-16-03

Polymnia canadensis - White-flowered Leafcup
    Type Specimen: a short way up hill on south side of meadow, 10-15-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in meadow and hills on either side
    - one still in bloom, 10-15-03
Polymnia uvedalia - Yellow-flowered Leafcup
    Type Specimen: west side of Middle Cave Ridge, 8-4-04
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - blooming, 8-4-04

Prenanthes altissima - Tall White Lettuce
    Type Specimen: near Cliff Creek, on little dog trail near base of a cliff, 9-14-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - just starting to bloom, 9-14-03

Rudbeckia hirta - Black-eyed Susan
    Type Specimen: driveway, 6-17-04
    Habitat: sparse in open areas                       
    - blooming, 6-17-04
    - from Great Plains
Senecio aureus - Golden Ragwort
    Type Specimen: Wortroot Cove, along path near pond, 3-27-04
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods near creeks
    - blooming, 3-27-04

Senecio pauperculus - Balsam Squaw-Weed, Balsam Ragwort
    Type Specimen: east side of East Spur, 6-24-04
    Habitat: in type location in steep clearing
    - not absolutely positive of ID
    - on the Virginia Vascular Plant Watchlist (now known as Packera pauperculus), G5, SU

Solidago altissima - Tall Goldenrod
    Type Specimen: little weedy field where driveway and lower woods trail split, 10-1-03
    Habitat: scattered in weedy fields
    - blooming, 10-1-03

Solidago buckleyi - Buckley's Goldenrod
    Type Specimen: on south side of Grave Creek, not far from driveway, 10-5-03
    Habitat: sparse in woods
    - blooming
    - the species is also known as S. petiolaris.  Not absolutely positive of the ID.

Solidago curtisii - Curtis  Goldenrod
    Type Specimen: near Cliff Creek, on little dog trail near base of a cliff, 9-14-03
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in woods
    - blooming, 9-14-03

Taraxacum officinale - Common Dandelion
    Type Specimen: across creek from house, 1-16-04
    Habitat: sparse in lawns
    - alien

Tussilago farfara - Coltsfoot                           
    Type Specimen: new site garden, 2-29-04
    Habitat: one plant in type location
    - blooming, 2-29-04
    - alien

Verbesina alternifolia - Yellow Ironweed, Wing-Stem
    Type Specimen: between bottom barn and fallen down chicken coop, 9-7-03
    Habitat: scattered in open areas
    - blooming, 9-7-03               

Vernonia noveboracensis - New York Ironweed
    Type Specimen: yard of house, 9-2-03                   
    Habitat: sparsely scattered in open areas
    - blooming, 9-2-03  




Species Lists Introduction                                TOC                               Mammals


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Last updated 9/04.